Footnotes+a4s1pt2

 =Footnotes - Act IV Scene 1=

 Portia, dressed as a lawyer, begins by addressing the penalty that Antonio must pay as Antonio is preparing for death. Shylock is pleased with the young judge at first and it seems his victory is imminent and Shylock is about to tear into Antonio's flesh but, then all of the sudden Portia stops him and brings up the point that in the bond it does not say that Shylock could take one drop of blood and that if the flesh is even slightly over a pound would be prosecuted. Now that Shylock is in a bind he wants to take the money he was offered, but Portia is now going to be inflexible. Eventually they will come to the conclusion that, by law, in order for Shylock to keep his life he must do two things. He must become a Christian and leave all of his posessions to Lorenzo and Jessica. Then in payment for his duties he(Portia) at first doesn't want payment but catches sight of the ring on Bassanio's finger and asks for it. Only problem is Bassanio made a promise to Portia that he would never take the ring off. Finally, he sends Gratiano to give the ring to the lawyer(Portia).

233- **tenour **: actual wording - Shylock is putting emphasis on the exact wording of the bond. He is very intent on having the law being completely enforced. This will later come back to haunt him. JB

237- **well-deserving pillar** (metaphor)- solid, support, upholding like a pillar. Shylock is saying Portia is a very upright support of the law and that she should give a judement accordingly. This shows Shylocks early admiration for the judge, which will soon change. JB

249- **elder... looks** (indirect characterization ) - This shows that Shylock likes and respects the judge. Shylock is saying that the judge (Portia) is acting much more mature than her age would suggest. He shows much respect to the judge for siding with him. He is basically super excited that the decider sided with him in their little argument... or so he thinks. JB

257- **Nominated**- specified. Shylock again is speaking about the specific wording of the bond. He says that if a doctor is not called for in the bond then there need not be one there. JB

273- **Speak... Death-** Antonio here is giving a last request to his friend to speak well of him when he is dead and tell people that he was a good man. This shows that Antonio has accepted that he is going to die and that he asks very little from Bassanio even though he is the cause of his death which shows his love for Bassanio. JB

286- **Your wife...little thanks**: The judge (Portia) gets a tad bit annoyed when she hears her "loving" husband says he would take her out in a heartbeat to save his best friend (I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all, Here to this devil, to deliver you). So much for "til death do we part". JB

304- **This...Blood:** The judge (Portia) finally makes all of Shylocks points about upholding the bond basically slap him in th face. She turns it back on him by saying that the bond does not say that he can draw blood. It's a pretty stupid loophole, but a loophole none the less. JB

312- **act:** the legal act confirming the law. The judge says, "Thyslef shall see the Act" after Shylock asked if what Portia said about the loophole in the bond was true. The judge (Portia) is saying that she is positive that she has found a loophole that is completely legal and utterly legit. It specifically said, "a pound of flesh" but mentioned nothing of blood. MB

321- **upright**: honest. Gratiano is ecstatic that the judge (Portia) has found a loophole in Shylock's seemingly unbreakable bond. Also, the judge (Portia) refuses Shylock's demand for the money after he realizes that his bond is ineffective. This makes Gratiano even happier considering he and Bassanio must share a general hatred towards Shylock. MB

333- **Why... pause? Take... forfeiture**: ([|indirect characterization] ) In this line, the judge (Portia) is taunting Shylock. Each character knows that Shylock can't have his bond, and yet she continues to tell Shylock to go ahead and try. This indirectly proves that Portia is extremely confident with the loophole that she has found. She knows for a fact that Shylock can't wriggle his way out of it, so she taunts him. One can decipher from this line that Portia is very witty and enjoys swimming in the irony of the situation she has put Shylock in. MB

336- **He hath... open court**: Earlier on (line 225), when the judge (Portia) offered Shylock to take three times the money instead of a pound of flesh from Antonio, Shylock refused. Now, (lines 303-335) when the judge has found a loophole in Shylock's bond that forbids him to take Antonio's flesh, Shylock wants the money. Bassanio, merely grateful that his friend's life will be saved, is ready to give the money to Shylock without hesitation. However, the judge (Portia) stops him and says, "He hath refus'd in open court. He shall have merely justice and his bond." Well, wasn't that a slap in the face? Portia made Shylock eat his own words. The judge basically said, "You cannot take the money, Shylock. It was offered to you earlier, and you refused. You said over and over that you wanted what was promised in the bond, and that you didn't want the money. I'm merely obeying your previous demands." As you know, Shylock cannot take Antonio's flesh because he isn't allowed to spill blood. Therefore, Shylock is left with nothing. MB

344- **Tarry**: wait. Shylock has already lost, and yet the judge (Portia) still has another requirement (more of a punishment, actually) of Shylock. Portia informs him that Venice has a strict law that enforces a harsh punishment on any foreigner who tries to murder a Venetian, therefor, Shylock's possessions are confiscated and his life is now in danger. Antonio, however, is kind. He has half of Shylock's wealth given to him, and the other half given to Lorenzo and Jessica. Also, Antonio has two conditions for Shylock: he must become a Christian, and he must also give away all his possessions to Lorenzo and Jessica. MB

436- **liberal in offers**: generous in giving offers, but rarely fulfills them. The "judge" says this to Bassanio after he refuses to give her his ring. Bassanio had originally begged the judge to take some kind of reward, but when the judge asked for his ring, Bassanio refused because he had sworn to Portia that he would never give it away. Bassanio basically said, "Hey, you did me a favor, take anything you want...Wait you want this ring? Oh sorry, just kidding. I can't give you anything..." MB

441- **That I...nor lose it **: (internal conflict) - Bassanio is telling the judge (Portia) that he had promised his wife that he would never give the ring up, but yet the judge saved Antonio's life. Should Bassanio give this worthy judge his wife's ring, the ring he promised to keep forver, or does he simply refuse the "man" (Portia) the only item that he asked for? Bassanio is very conflicted, and this is very amusing to Portia considering she's the "judge". MB  **385 He presently become a Christian** - __For Shylock to not be severely penalized he must first must immediately become a Christian. __ __Second, he must make a will here in this court that leaves all his property to his son-in-law Lorenzo and his daughter when he dies. If Shylock doesn't do this the Duke will recant the pardon he delivered__ (External Conflict). When Shylock was asked if he was content he said he was. But they had to put it in writing to make it official. So, the clerk went and retrieved a document which would be signed by Shylock. CA

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__**393 I pray...hence -** Shylock pleads by saying please let me go. I'm not well. Send the deed after me and I'll sign it__ (Indirect Characterization). __The Duke agrees but says he must sign the deed (__(Indirect Characterization). Gratiano then says when you're babtized a Christian, you'll have two godfathers. If I'd been the judge, you would've had ten more--twelve jurors to sentence you to death rather than babtism. The Duke then askes him(Portia) to come home with him for dinner, but Portia denies the offer by saying she must go back to Padua tonight. CA ======

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**403 I am...serves you not** - the Duke replies to Portia I'm sorry you don't have time.--Antonio, give this gentleman a reward. In my opinion, you owe him a lot. Bassanio then thanks Portia by saying sir, thanks to you my friend and I have been freed from paying some aweful penalties today. Instead of giving the Jew the three thousand ducats he's owed, we give it to you in gratitude for your kind efforts. CA ======

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**411 And stand...above -** And even then we're still indebted to you. We owe you love and service forever. __Portia then replies that being satisfied with a job well done is payment enough. In saving you I consider myself paid (__Indirect characterization__).__ My thoughts were never on money. I hope you'll recognize me when we meet again. I wish you well. Now, I've got to go. But Bassanio insists on giving Portia something for her good deeds. CA ======

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**420 You...yield -** Portia says to Bassanio that since you keep insisting, I'll do as you say say then asks for his gloves and she says she will wear them for his sake. __She then asks for the ring and tells him not to refuse, but Bassanio refuses. Then Portia tries to persuade Bassanio by saying that the ring is all she wants.__(external conflict) __CA__ ======

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**430 There's...value -** But Bassanio says that there's more to the ring than its cash value. He pleads by saying he will buy the most expensive ring in Venice and make a public announcement for help in finding it, as to keep the ring. __Bassanio knows that he promised Portia he would never give the ring away and if he did he would lose all love for her. So he keeps insisting to keep the ring and be loyal to Portia.__ (indirect characterization) Should Bassanio give the ring to him(Portia) and break his promise or be loyal and keep the ring? __CA__ ======

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<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">**448 Let...withal -** Antonio tell Bassanio to let him(Portia) have the ring. Antonio says consider how much he deserves it, and weigh that, along with my friendship, against your wife's order. Bassanio then sends Gratiano after him(Portia) to give him(Portia) the ring. CA ======